Аннотация:Currently, more than 500 wound cover dressings (WCD) of various compositions and purposes are known. Existing developments do not fully comply with modern medical requirements and therefore the dominant research trend is to search for composite hybrid materials based on biocompatible natural and synthetic polymers enriched with biologically active compounds (BAС).To create various WCD compositions based on hybrid materials, it is necessary to choose the base material (collagen, cellulose, etc.) and BAC (metal nanoparticles, plant extracts, individual compounds) with confirmed individual biological activity (antimicrobial, antioxidant, proliferative, regenerative) and as part of hybrid materials.Collagen and collagen-containing materials are considered as the most useful biomaterials for clinical applications. The biocompatibility and safety of materials are determined by their biological characteristics, such as biodegradability and low antigenicity, which makes collagen the main resource for use in medicine. WCD created on the basis of collagen possess satisfactory physicochemical and biomedical qualities: they polymerize well, have good adhesion, strength, congruence, and regenerative activity.The presence of functional groups on the surface of the protein allows you to modify and improve its properties, such as the ability to crosslink, the formation of a composite with other functional synthetic or natural polymers and BAC of plant origin with antimicrobial, antioxidant and proliferative activity. Using collagen as base with additives from alkaloids isolated from plants of the genus Convolvulus, flavonoids isolated from Saphora japonica, phytoecdysteroids isolated from Rhaponticum Carthamoides and Ajuga Turkestanica, hybrid materials were obtained in the form of films with high multifunctional activity.Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a renewable, affordable raw material for various medical applications. In comparison with natural and synthetic materials, BC has several advantages: the structure of bacterial cellulose is very similar to the structure of plant cellulose, however, it differs in the number of glucose residues, and, therefore, differs in the length of the molecules themselves. It is a nanomaterial consisting of a network of micro- and macro-fibrils, which determines its unique properties in comparison with chitosan, collagen hyaluronic acid, alginates: it has high tensile strength and flexibility. Compared to synthetic materials, polyurethanes, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyesters, bacterial cellulose has high water-holding ability, permeability to gases and liquids, and the absence of impurities ensures its good biocompatibility with living tissues. The large porosity and surface area make possible to modify the matrices of bacterial cellulose i.e to introduce drugs and other biofunctional materials.Functional groups present on the surface of biopolymers can act as «anchor» and stabilizing agents for various ions and metal nanoparticles. Biologically active metal nanoparticles do not cause resistance in microorganisms and are active against multiresistant bacteria and fungi that cause wound infections.Currently known methods of production of metal nanoparticles, generally use chemical reduction of metal salts in a biopolymer solution. These methods have several significant limitations that significantly complicate the use of the obtained materials for biomedical purposes. The following stand out among them: the presence of a significant amount of impurities of surface-active substances and residues of synthesis products, as well as the difficulty of controlling the completeness of metal reduction. Obtaining metal nanoparticles using the method of metal-vapor synthesis (MVS) eliminates the use of toxic solvents. The process is a technologically closed cycle and relates to environmentally friendly chemistry (green chemistry). Materials obtained using the MVS technology have shown their antibacterial and antifungal efficiency.In this review, we will observe new hybrid film materials for wound cover dressings based on collagen and bacterial cellulose, containing biologically active additives and metal nanoparticles obtained by the methods of "green" chemistry.
