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Интеллектуальная Система Тематического Исследования НАукометрических данных |
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Ultra and Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fieldsкнига
- Авторы: Surkov V., Hayakawa M.
- Год издания: 2014
- Место издания: Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Japan
- Объём: 486 страниц (60,0 печатных листов)
- Монография
- DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-54367-1
- Аннотация: This book deals with the electromagnetic fields observed on the ground and in space in the ULF (ultra low frequency, f < 3 Hz) and ELF (extremely low frequency, 3 < f < 3 10^3 Hz) bands. It recently has been agreed that the observation ofthese ULF/ELF electromagnetic fields can provide us with important information not only on the upper atmosphere (magnetosphere/ionosphere), but also on the lower atmosphere and the Earth’s crust (lithosphere).The main emphasis of ULF/ELF electromagnetic fields in early studies was on large-scale geomagnetic variations, and their sources are thought to be due to the interaction of solar wind with the Earth’s magnetosphere. This interaction results in the generation of magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) waves, perturbation of the ionospheric plasma due to the solar radiation, precipitation of energetic particles, and so on. As a parallel development, the Earth–ionosphere resonance cavity and the class of geomagnetic field-line resonances became an important branch of ULF/ELF field studies. The properties of those ULF geomagnetic variations or geomagnetic pulsations have been well understood and were used as a tool of “Space Weather”, in which the parameters of the ionosphere/magnetosphere have been continuouslymonitored in real time in order to forecast coming disasters affecting ground-based technological human systems (pipelines, satellite communications, GPS techniques, and so on) and also satellite operation. With the recent discovery of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) in the topside ionosphere, an entirely new realm of ULF oscillations became an interesting topic for geophysicists.There has been a lot of progress in the last few decades in the field of local and seismogenic effects, which can be associated with large-scale rock deformations and tectonic activity deep in the Earth’s crust. These effects have beenextensively examined both in the laboratory and in the field. Especially among many seismogenic phenomena, ULF/ELF effects are the most promising candidates for short-term predictions of natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcano eruptions,tsunami waves, and so on.In this book we place a major emphasis on physical mechanisms and sources of these natural ULF/ELF electromagnetic fields. During the course of the book, some of these mechanisms of magnetospheric origin are discussed in detail because they are fundamental. The global electromagnetic resonances excited by lightning activity and recently discovered sprites, blue jets, and other gigantic mesospheric discharges are our priority. Moreover, much attention will be paid to the entirelynew studies of electromagnetic phenomena caused by rock deformation/fracture including the seismoelectric and geomagnetic perturbations and other ULF/ELF effects possibly associated with natural disasters. This book is written for the broad geophysical community, scientists, lecturers, post- and undergraduates as well as for physicists interested in geophysical prospects of ULF/ELF electromagnetic fields. In order to create no difficulties in a book intended for general readers, we try to offer a simple and clear presentation of the physical picture by omitting the complicated calculations, which will be foundin the Appendices. To understand the main ideas and contents of this book, the reader is required to have a basic knowledge of electrodynamics (as from a standard education course) and a general understanding of the Earth and its environment.
- Добавил в систему: Сурков Вадим Вадимович