Аннотация:The evolution of ecosystems in Europe during 24 - 8 kyr BP based on the mammalian and floristic data was revealed. The ecosystems of Europe for principal intervals of the second part of last glaciation and the Early Holocene were reconstructed. A more than 100 electronic maps with the mammalian and plant data for the interstadials and stadials of last glaciation and for the Preboreal and Boreal (Early Holocene)were constructed. The principal environmental and climatic changes during last 24 kyr BP were revealed.