Аннотация:This article represents a continuation of an earlier article by the author (Sokolova, 2006) that juxtaposed (rather than counterposed) the ideas of the activity-oriented psychology of the S.L. Rubinshtein school with those of the A.N. Leontiev school. In this article, the similarities between the two will be traced by analyzing the philosophical underpinnings of ideas developed by both schools. This analysis will include discussion of dialectical logic, which is contrasted with the logic of the network (postmodernist) paradigm in psychology, a paradigm that is considered more promising by many contemporary methodologists within the science of psychology. Using as examples several key problems from psychology dealt with by both schools, we will demonstrate the advantages of dialectical logic over the logic underlying the network paradigm in addressing them.