Linear Growth Patterns and Growth Parameter Dynamics in Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Populations From Non-Flowing Water Bodies Across Their Natural Rangeстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 4 марта 2026 г.
Аннотация:ABSTRACTAnalysis of 60 northern pike (Esox lucius) populations, assembled from published studies spanning the species' range and restrictedto non-flowing(lentic) systems, and analyzed using the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF), revealed substantialheterogeneity in growth parameters. Growth coefficients (k) ranged from 0.01 to 0.72 year−1, asymptotic lengths (L∞) from 53to 976 cm, and maximum observed lengths (Lmax) from 35.1 to 113.2 cm. Biologically defensible thresholds were identified atk ≥ 0.25 year−1 and L∞ ≤ 113.2 cm, lose biological interpretability under realistic demographic constraints. Within this framework,the VBGF served two complementary roles: as a predictive model of linear growth trajectories and as a diagnostic representationof growth-trajectoryshape. The Lmax ∕L∞ ratio emerged as an informative descriptor, capturing ontogenetic growth patternsalong a continuum from near-linear(Lmax ∕L∞ ≈0.07) to fully asymptotic (Lmax ∕L∞ ≈1.00) growth. This metric links empiricalsize-at-ageobservations with the degree to which asymptotic growth is expressed within finite lifespans. Integrating VBGFparameters (k, L∞) with empirical descriptors (Lmax, lifespan) and cumulative thermal exposure (growing degree-days)revealedtwo coherent growth regimes in northern pike along latitudinal thermal gradients: fast-growingpopulations reaching moderateasymptotic sizes rapidly, and slow-growingpopulations characterized by low growth coefficients and very large theoretical L∞despite similar observed maximum lengths. Taken together, the Lmax ∕L∞ ratio, combined with biologically grounded thresholdsfor k and L∞, provides a parsimonious screening tool for identifying non-asymptoticgrowth trajectories and a temperature-andtime-explicitframework for evaluating the expression of asymptotic growth across climatic gradients.