Аннотация:Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a strong greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone‐depleting substance. Around 20% of global emissions stem from the ocean, but current estimates and future projections are uncertain due to poor spatial coverage over large areas and limited understanding of drivers of N2O dynamics. Here, we focus on the extensive and particularly data‐lean Arctic Ocean shelves north of Siberia that experience rapid warming and increasing input of land‐derived nitrogen with permafrost thaw. We combine water column N2O measurements from two expeditions with on‐board incubation of intact sediment cores to assess N2O dynamics and the impact of land‐derived nitrogen. Elevated nitrogen concentrations in water column and sediments were observed near large river mouths. Concentrations of N2O were only weakly correlated with dissolved nitrogen and turbidity, reflecting particulate matter from rivers and coastal erosion, and correlations varied between river plumes...