Neuropsychological and psychophysiological mechanisms of attention deficitстатьяТезисы
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 27 мая 2015 г.
Аннотация:Problem: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral and learning problems among children and a frequent reason for asking psychological help in childhood. This disorder is due to different causes, the most important of them are difficulties of activity programming and monitoring and low neurodynamic capabilities. Eye tracking method permits to reveal psychophysiological mechanisms of cognitive and executive disturbances in children of different age. Methods: Schulte Table from A.R. Luria battery (Luria, 1973) and test of figures matching. Both of these tests measure the sustaining of activity and attention. Hayling Sentence Completion Test (Shallice et al., 2002) and similar test from Luria battery measure selectivity in decision making. Dynamic praxis, test of conventional reactions (from Luria battery) and Numeric Stroop (Marzocchi, Re, Cornoldi, 2010) test measure shifting. Problem solving test and Everyday Planning Test (Ibid) measure planning of steps and coherence between planning and execution. Jowa Junior Gambling test (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, Anderson, 1994) measure prognostic abilities, ability to compare gains and losses and to recall the performance. Eye tracking during some of these tests execution shows an objective setting in accordance to motivation and purpose of actual activity. Conners Scale determines the level of ADHD (Passolt, 2004). Subjects: 37 learning disabled primary school pupils diagnosed with ADHD and 30 learning disabled primary school pupils without ADHD. Results: The difference between children with and without ADHD was both in worse scores for all tests in the first group and in qualitative differences as follows: lack of steps planning and comparing own actions with previous results, impulsivity, and difficult recall of performance. The most discriminative for groups with and without ADHD were Numeric Stroop test and the Test of conventional reactions. Significant differences were revealed also in the specific eye tracking measures. Conclusion: Our experimental study reveals the complex structure of function disturbances in ADHD, including: neurodynamic deficit, providing difficulty in sustaining of activity and attention; bad selectivity in decision making, defects of shifting from one executed activity to another; of planning, prognostics, recalling of performance and errors correction.