A site-specific expert system with supporting equipment for crop management

McGRATH, D.E.; SKOTNIKOV, A.V.; BOBROV, V.A.

Авторы: McGRATH Donald E., SKOTNIKOV Andrey V., BOBROV Vladimir A.
Сборник: Proc. Of site-specific management for agricultural systems
Том: 2
Год издания: 1994
Место издания: Amer. Soc. Of Agronomy Minneapolis, USA
Первая страница: 619
Последняя страница: 635
Аннотация: A SITE SPECIFIC EXPERT SYSTEM WITH SUPPOTING EQUIPMENT FOR CROP MANAGEMENT D.E.McGrath *, A.V.Skotnikov **, V.A. Bobrov ** ABSTRACT Many of the contemporary approacher in solving problems in Site Specific Crop Management (SSCM) are based on existing or created zonal maps of filds based on soil types or other charac- teristics. However, it is known that the chemical and physical attributes of soil can change inside these zones and may overlap between zones. A direct method of economically determining these attributes will contribute to the development of SSCM. This concept has drawn significant attention.As a response to this interest an au- tomated system of equipment, handware and software has been de- signed and constructed. This system consists of: - Automated soil sampler with packaging systems. - Automated work station for the analyses of the physical and chemical attributes of the sample including pH, organic matter, particle size, sesquioxides, carbonates and nutrient elements. - An expert system to consider the analytical results combined with data bases of crop models, fertilizers, chemicals, weather, field history, seed characteristics, yield results, economic criteria and other inputs. The system then uses dynamic simulation to forecast requirements of seeds, nutrients and chemicals. - An implementation system to determine the application program for the crop for seeds, nutrients and chemicals. - An automated applicator to carry out the program. The expert is designed to be self instructing. As data on results are accumulated algorithms are modified to improve fore casting availability. KEYWORDS. Site specific, Fertilizer, Seeding, Expert System. INTRODUCTION A major problem in site specific agriculture (also known as precision farming, site specific management, etc.) has been the economical collection, correlation and processing of the data necessary in order to automate the decision making and application of the appropriate nutrients. Spatially variable maps such as the organic matter map (Gaultney et al., 1988, McGrath et al., 1990, Alsip and Ellingson, 1991) may be used as an indicator of the approximate rate of fertilizer to apply. However, it is know that the chemical and physical attributes of soil can change inside these zones and may overlap between zones. A direct method of economically determining these attributes contribute to the development of SSCM. This concept has drawn significant attention. Work done at the Institute of Experimental Botany of the Academy of Science of Belarus has suggested a possible method of data collection, evaluation and decision making ABSTRACT can be combined into a whole package consisting of an Expert System and support equipment. In this work a complex study of the key factors and mechanism of the production process of plants (taking into account the mechanical composition and fertility of soil) in accordance with the methodology of the agro system simulation was done. As a response to this interest automated equipment, hardware and software has been designed and constructed. SUMMARY The site specific expert system with supporting equipment de- signed to optimize product capacity of a field for a given crop is a new approach. It is a complete package designed by the TYLER firm and includes automated units consis- ting of: - desktop computer (PC); - packages of software programs; - automated soil sampler (AS); - automated workstation for sample analysis (AWAS); - yield monitoring system (YMS); - automated system for fertilizer and pesticides application (ASFA); - automated system for seed (ASR) variable rate planting. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was funded in part by Fund of Fundamental Research of Belarus. (Director Vasiljev, E.I.) Many suggestions and comments from Dr. Nikolaj Kan (Research and Technological Center "Biomodel", Novocherkask, RUS) and Dr. Tamara Yanchevskaya (Laboratory of Optimization the Productivity of the Institute Experimental Botany the Belarus Academy of Science, Minsk, Republic of Belarus) have been incorporated into this chapter and the authors acknowledge this contribution. A grant from the "Special American Business Internship Training" (SABIT) program supported the preparation and presentation of this paper. SABIT is a program of the U.S. government private sector partnership, providing technical assistance to the independent States of the former Soviet Union. Managed by the U.S. Department of Commerce in cooperation with the Agency for International Development. Tyler Limited Partnership of Benson, Minnesota provided conceptual design and funding for equipment development. * D.E. McGrath, President of General Partner of Tyler Limited Partnership, a Minnesota limited partnership. ** A.V. Skotnikov, Associate Professor, Farm Machinery Department ofthe Byelorussian Agri-Technical University. *** V.A. Bobrov, Chief of Laboratory of Optimization of Agrocenous Productivity of the Institute Experimental Botany the Belarus Academy of Science, Minsk, Republic of Belarus.
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