Аннотация:Medicines are substances used for the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of diseases, as well as for the regulation of physiological functions of humans and animals. This chapter provides an overview of the state of the problems facing the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in the study of chemical composition of pharmaceutical products. XRF analysis is a suitable method for providing low-cost multi-elemental analysis in a short time. Detection limits range from 1 to 10ppm for wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), and 0.01 to 1ppm for total reflection X-ray fluorescence depending on the element. EDXRF represents a simple and financially economical method which requires fewer sample preparation efforts.