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Soils at archaeological monuments of the Bronze Age – A key to the Holocene landscape dynamics in the broadleaf forest area of the Russian Plainстатья
- Авторы: Makeev Alexander, Rusakov Alexey, Kurbanova Fatima, Khokhlova Olga, Kust Pavel, Lebedeva Marina, Milanovskiy Evgeniy, Egli Markus, Denisova Elizaveta, Aseyeva Elena, Rusakova Elena, Mihailov Evgeniy
- Журнал: Quaternary International
- Год издания: 2020
- Издательство: Pergamon Press Ltd.
- Местоположение издательства: United Kingdom
- DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.09.015
- Аннотация: During the second half of the Holocene, the Russian Plain experienced several climaticoscillations giving rise to changing vegetation patterns. The spatial variability of vegetationchanges and its effects on soils is still a matter of debate. In the present study landscape responseto Holocene climatic cycles was analysed on the base of detailed morphological, chemical andmicrobiomorphic analyses of a soil that was buried under the kurgan of the Abashevo culture(Middle Bronze Age) and a surface soil. Both soils located at the Tokhmeyevo kurgan cemetery(the Middle Volga region, Chuvash Republic, Russia) developed from the same parent material(mantle loam), at the same elevation and in close proximity to each other. Both soils, classifiedas Retisols, show a similar morphology and key analytical features indicating similarenvironment. The pollen and phytolith spectra confirm that both buried and surface soils formedunder similar forest vegetation. The buried and surface soils at the Tokhmeyevo cemetery couldbe compared with the previously studied soils of the Sareevo settlement of the Early Iron Ageand the Taushkasy kurgan cemetery of the Bronze Age. These studies confirm the stability of theforest environment at the southern boundary of the forest belt since the Bronze Age. At the sametime, the buried soil at the Tokhmeyevo cemetery has a thick mollic horizon and black organiccoatings overlaying brown clay cutans in the argic horizons, which sets it apart from the surfacesoil. The radiocarbon dates for the humus in the mollic horizon and black coatings in the argichorizon are surprisingly close to each other (about 5.5 kа and 5.2 kа, respectively). The dataindicate that the black cutans are derived from degradation of the mollic horizon caused by asudden increase in humidity during the episodes of extreme summer downpours. Our study alsoprove that the Abashevo people had complicated burial funeral rites. The earth mounds are madeof the upper horizons of soils cut off from the surface in the vicinity. The central part of themound consists of soil bricks with albic material used for the interior and artificially rumpledmaterial of the argic horizon for the coverage. The use of albic material and argic horizon forearth mound construction implies the similarity between the buried and surface soils since theBronze Age until today. Thus, the study of such construction techniques is important both forarchaeology and paleogeography (paleopedology).
- Добавил в систему: Русаков Алексей Валентинович