Аннотация:The utilizations of microfluidic chips for single RBC (red blood cell) studies have attractedgreat interests in recent years to filter, trap, analyze, and release single erythrocytes for various applications. Researchers in this field have highlighted the vast potential in developing micro devices forindustrial and academia usages, including lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip systems. This article critically reviews the current state-of-the-art and recent advances of microfluidics for single RBC analyses,including integrated sensors and microfluidic platforms for microscopic/tomographic/spectroscopicsingle RBC analyses, trapping arrays (including bifurcating channels), dielectrophoretic and agglutination/aggregation studies, as well as clinical implications covering cancer, sepsis, prenatal, andSickle Cell diseases. Microfluidics based RBC microarrays, sorting/counting and trapping techniques(including acoustic, dielectrophoretic, hydrodynamic, magnetic, and optical techniques) are alsoreviewed. Lastly, organs on chips, multi-organ chips, and drug discovery involving single RBC aredescribed. The limitations and drawbacks of each technology are addressed and future prospectsare discussed.