Аннотация:Peatlands play a special role in the accumulation of carbon and the formation of the gas composition of the atmosphere and its impact on the climate. The features of peatland ecosystems, their distribution, diversity and current state, response to climate change, and role as carbon reservoir, source, and sink of greenhouse gases and its change under human impact are considered. Opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenically modified peatlands, and the effectiveness of peatland rewetting and mire restoration for climate change mitigation, adaptation, and sustainable management are shown.