Acanthopharynx marine nematodes (Nematoda, Chromadoria, Desmodoridae) dwelling in tropical demosponges: integrative taxonomy with description of a new speciesстатья
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Аннотация:In the exploration of the meiofauna associated with sponges and corals in the shallows ofCuba, we investigated nine species of sponges (Demospongia), wherein 26 nematode species wererevealed. Most nematode specimens (50–95% of all individuals) in all sponge samples belonged tothe family Desmodoridae (order Desmodorida), followed by the family Chromadoridae (orderChromadorida). A major part of Desmodoridae is constituted by the genus Acanthopharynx. A statisticalmorphometric analysis (principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling withtesting via analysis of similarities) revealed two close cohorts that differed in size and pharynxshape. Molecular genetic analyses (COI, 18S, and 28S) also distinguished two groups of specimensthat corresponded to morphometric cohorts. Based on the morphometry and molecular genetics,the larger-sized group was defined as Acanthopharynx micans (Eberth, 1873), while the smaller-sized group was considered A. parva sp. n. In light of the taxonomic review of the Acanthopharynx,emended generic diagnosis, and the annotated list of ten valid species, A. parva sp. n. differedfrom other Acanthopharynx species by its peculiar shape of the pharynx (gradually widened tocardia), smaller body size, and pattern of precloacal organs.
