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Изображения лося в восточноевропейском скифском зверином стиле: классификация, типология, хронологиястатья
- Автор: Канторович А.Р.
- Сборник: Scripta antiqua. Вопросы древней истории, филологии, искусства и материальной культуры. 3. К 70-летию Э.В. Ртвеладзе
- Серия: Scripta antiqua
- Том: 3
- Год издания: 2013
- Место издания: Собрание Москва
- Первая страница: 423
- Последняя страница: 480
- Аннотация: Representations of the Elk in the East European Scythian Animal Style (Classification, Typology, Chronology) The article is devoted to the systematization of the representations of the elk, which are popular in the art of the Scythian Animal Style of the Eastern Europe. The systematization was made on the general principles of the classification of the pieces of the Scythian Animal Style, grounded by the author and earlier applied to the analysis of some other examples of the Scythian zoomorphic art. In course of the present investigation there have been revealed 17 types of the representation of the elk (the wholefigure and the reduced ones), to which belong 88 original representations (copies are not taken into consideration), dated in VIIth — beginning of the IIIrd cent. B.C. Here belong 6 types of the whole-figure representations of the elk (19 original representations, i.e. a little more than 21%), and 11 types of the representations of a separate head of the elk (69 original representations, i.e. a little less than 79%). On the basis of the independent chronoindicators and iconographic dynamics the author has elaborated chronology of each type. The analysis of generals chronology of the types has shown, that the artists-bearers of the Scythian Animal style turned to the image of elk from the VIIth cent. B.C. until the end of the IIIrd cent. B.C.: the peak of popularity of this image falls on the period of the Vth — first half of the IVth cent. B.C. The majority of the representations and types belong to this time. The beginning of the realization of this theme is connected here with famous Zhabotinsky representations, while the initial sources of the birth of the image of the elk in the Animal Style of the Eastern Europe of the “Archaic” period remain unclear. It is possible that the specific iconography of the “Scythian elk” has been directly influenced by the natural prototypes and was born during the formation of the animal style itself with simultaneous influence of the iconography of a deer, close in landscape relation and biologically, which was given sometimes a droopy elk-like muzzle. The iconography of a deer in its turn was born in the Animal Style of the Eastern Europe under the influence of doubtless impulses from the Eastern zones of the Scythian Siberian world and with participation of the art of the Near East. The whole-figure representation of the elk in bounded in general by the “Scythian Archaic” period, i.e. VII–VI cent. B.C., while the motives of the separate head of the elk was practically unknown then and in most cases is connected with the “Scythian Classics” period, i.e. with V–IV cent. B.C. The representations of the elk have been most often applied to the decoration of the bronze belt bridle belongings of a badge, much more seldom — the arms, in unique cases — the elements of a costume. The classification and typology made let us point out the general directions of the development of the iconography of the elk in the Scythian Animal Style of the Eastern Europe, as well as the cross-points of the connection with the other zoomorphic themes.
- Добавил в систему: Канторович Анатолий Робертович