The Problem of Creating Neutron Matter and Hyperheavy Nuclei in the Laboratory. Possible Instrumental Approach

Ryazantsev, G.B.; Vysotskii, V.I.; Lavrenchenko, G.K.; Nedovesov, S.S.

Авторы: Ryazantsev G.B., Vysotskii V.I., Lavrenchenko G.K., Nedovesov S.S.
Сборник: 28 International Seminar on Interaction of Neutrons with Nuclei: «Fundamental Interactions & Neutrons, Nuclear Structure, Ultracold Neutrons, Related Topics» ISINN-28 proceedings
Год издания: 2021
Место издания: ISINN-28 proceedings Dubna
Первая страница: 1
Последняя страница: 10
Аннотация: Possible mechanisms of creation of both hyperheavy nuclei by electron-nuclearcollapse and neutron matter by condensation of ultracold neutrons are discussed. Thepossibility of such objects creation was previously justified by A.B. Migdal, who suggestedthat the known set of proton-neutron nuclei with mass numbers from 0 to 300 and a maximumspecific binding energy of about 8 MeV/nucleon at A≈60 corresponds to the first region,beyond which (starting from about the charge Z ≈ (ħc/e^2)^3/2 ≈ 1600) there is an additionalregion describing a possible state of nuclear matter, stabilized by a pion condensate. In thisregion, the maximum specific energy corresponds to ≈15 MeV/nucleon at A ≈ 100000. It isshown that neutron matter can be obtained under certain conditions, and its systematizationcan be realized as an addition to the Periodic Table. When solving such problems, it becomesquite real to study not only physical, but also chemical, and possibly engineering andtechnical properties. Analysis shows that the stability of neutron matter at the microlevel isensured by the Tamm interaction and the Hund beta equilibrium. Such matter can be quitestable not only on the mega-level (neutron stars) due to gravitational interaction, as was apriori assumed earlier, but also on the scale of "ordinary" matter. The process ofneutronization is possible not only with critical gravitational interaction, but also by othermechanisms (supercritical increase in the atomic number of elements due to electron-nuclearcollapse and condensation of ultracold neutrons), which opens the way to the fundamentalpossibility of obtaining both neutron matter in laboratory conditions and superheavy nuclei.Based on the works of Migdal, Tamm and Hund, the possibility of the existence ofstable neutron matter (with Z >> 175, N >> Z, A >10^3‒10^5 and a size of 200‒300 femtometersand more) is argued at the microlevel, and not only at the mega-level, as is now considered inastrophysics. The following technical approaches to the implementation of UCN condensationare considered: 1) slow isothermal compression; 2) refrigerator for dissolving helium-3 andhelium-4; 3) use of a conical concentrator for UCN focusing (Vysotsky cone); 4) magnetictrap; 5) additional UCN laser cooling. Neutron matter is considered as a potentialcosmological candidate for dark matter. One should take into account the possibility of theformation of fragments of neutron matter as dark matter (neutral, femto-, pico- and nanoscale,the cooling of relics makes it difficult to detect them by now) already at the initial origin ofthe Universe, which is the dominant process. The observable part of the Universe is formedby the residual part of protons, and then by decayed single neutrons and unstable fragments ofneutron matter (with Z > 175, N >> Z, but A < 10^3‒10^5).Key words: hyperheavy nuclei, neutron matter, electron-nuclear collapse, condensation ofultracold neutrons, primary cosmogenic matter, dark matter.http://isinn.jinr.ru/proceedings/isinn-28/pdf/Ryazantsev.pdf
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