Аннотация:The view that the cardiovascular system and systems regulating pain perception are closely interrelated was predicted by a variety of findings in the 1970s. This early viewpoint was later confirmed in numerous experimental, clinical, populational, and prospective studies. It is now evident that acute and persistent noxious stimuli and conditioned pain-related behavior, feelings, and thoughts may affect mechanisms regulating cardiovascular activity (e.g., provoke hypertension development). Moreover, the regulation of individual unconditioned and conditioned responses to noxious stimuli may be modified by common mechanisms also regulating cardiovascular and metabolic activity (e.g., by a central inhibition mechanism determining baroreflex bradycardia and by energy supply mechanisms in active and relaxing conditions determining coupling of the heart beating with muscle and respiration activities, respectively). Numerous baroreflex and related cardiovascular variables are suggested for predicting and indicating (as a pain-o-meter) pain severity, its duration and frequency along with pain coping (adaptation and resilience) mechanisms to improve profiling and correct management of individuals with chronic pain syndromes. Moreover, the baroreflex mechanisms are now used in pain control and management. This chapter discusses the history and modern viewpoints on mechanisms of the relationships between pain and cardiovascular systems.