Mapping potential signs of gas emissions in ice of lake Neyto, Yamal, Russia using synthetic aperture radar and multispectral remote sensing data

Pointner, G.; Bartsch, A.; Dvornikov, Y.A.; Kouraev, A.V.

Авторы: Pointner Georg, Bartsch Annett, Dvornikov Yury A., Kouraev Alexei V.
Журнал: The Cryosphere
Номер: 15
Год издания: 2021
Издательство: Copernicus Group
Местоположение издательства: Germany
Первая страница: 1907
Последняя страница: 1929
DOI: 10.5194/tc-2020-226
Аннотация: Regions of anomalously low backscatter in C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery of lake ice of lake Neyto in northwestern Siberia have been suggested to be caused by emissions of gas (methane from hydrocarbon reservoirs) through the lake's sediments before. However, to assess this connection, only analyses of data from boreholes in the vicinity of lake Neyto and visual comparisons to medium-resolution optical imagery have been provided so far due to lack of in situ observations of the lake ice itself. These observations are impeded due to accessibility and safety issues. Geospatial analyses and innovative combinations of satellite data sources are therefore proposed to advance our understanding of this phenomenon. In this study, we assess the nature of the backscatter anomalies in Sentinel-1 C-band SAR images in combination with Very High Resolution (VHR) WorldView-2 optical imagery. We present methods to automatically map backscatter anomaly regions from the C-band SAR data (40 m pixel-spacing) and holes in lake ice from the VHR data (0.5 m pixel-spacing), and examine their spatial relationships. The reliability of the SAR method is evaluated through comparison between different acquisition modes. The results show that the majority of mapped holes in the VHR data are clearly related to anomalies in SAR imagery acquired a few days earlier and also more than a month before, supporting the hypothesis of gas emissions as the cause of the backscatter anomalies. Further, a significant expansion of backscatter anomaly regions in spring is documented and quantified in all analysed years 2015 to 2019. Our study suggests that the backscatter anomalies might be caused by expanding cavities in the lake ice, formed by strong emissions of gas, which could also explain outcomes of polarimetric analyses of auxiliary L-band ALOS PALSAR-2 data. C-band SAR data is considered to be valuable for the identification of lakes showing similar phenomena across larger areas in the Arctic in future studies.
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Mapping potential signs of gas emissions in ice of lake Neyto, Yamal, Russia using synthetic aperture radar and multispectral remote sensing dataстатья Исследовательская статья

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