The two waves in single-cell 3D genomics

Ulianov, S.V.; Razin, S.V.

Авторы: Ulianov Sergey V., Razin Sergey V.
Журнал: Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology
Год издания: 2021
Издательство: Academic Press
Местоположение издательства: United States
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.021
Аннотация: For decades, biochemical methods for the analysis of genome structure and function provided cell-population-averaged data that allowed general principles and tendencies to be disclosed. Microscopy-based studies, which immanently involve single-cell analysis, did not provide sufficient spatial resolution to investigate the particularly small details of 3D genome folding. Nevertheless, these studies demonstrated that mutual positions of chromosome territories within cell nuclei and individual genomic loci within chromosomal territories can vary significantly in individual cells. The development of new technologies in biochemistry and the advent of super-resolution microscopy in the last decade have made possible the full-scale study of 3D genome organization in individual cells. Maps of the 3D genome build based on C-data and super-resolution microscopy are highly consistent and, therefore, biologically relevant. The internal structures of individual chromosomes, loci, and topologically associating domains (TADs) are resolved as well as cell-cycle dynamics. 3D modeling allows one to investigate the physical mechanisms underlying genome folding. Finally, joint profiling of genome topology and epigenetic features will allow 3D genomics to handle complex cell-to-cell heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize the present state of studies into 3D genome organization in individual cells, analyze the technical problems of single-cell studies, and outline perspectives of 3D genomics.
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