Аннотация:This chapter highlights the latest advances, challenges and opportunities in genomic, epigenomic and proteomic approaches in discovering highly specific and sensitive biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis and prognosis. For the last years, growing amount of investigations have been carried out with the use of systems biology approach to study molecular mechanisms of cancer progression and to discover novel biomarker candidates and targets for anti-cancer therapy. Systems biology is focused on studying complex systems such as cancer, preliminary, by network analysis at different spatio/temporal scales. The network biology approaches provide the basis for identifying genomic and proteomic signatures of HCC through the identification of key molecules involved in cancer progression, metastasis and invasion. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been shown to be one of these molecules expressed in coordinated manner with a number of other cancer-associated proteins that may be cooperatively responsible for uncontrolled cell proliferation, lack of differentiation, increased angiogenesis and metastasis observed in HCC with poor prognosis. Current data obtained in this field allow concluding that AFP remains the golden standard among cancer biomarkers, since other HCC molecular markers identified to date are complementary to AFP.