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Environmental Sustainability of Russia’s Urban Development (Box 7.2)статья
- Автор: Bityukova Victoria R.
- Сборник: Human Development Report 2009 for the Russian Federation /Edited by Prof. Sergey Bobylev;
- Год издания: 2010
- Место издания: ‘Design-project ‘Samolet’ Москва
- Первая страница: 148
- Последняя страница: 155
- Аннотация: Analysis of specific pollution figures and their progress in 974 towns and cities with over 92.4 million population (97% of total urban population in Russia) help us determine main pollution trends. Differences between cities by specific pollution levels due to stationary sources are as great as 1000 times. Values are lowest in machine-building, light and food industry centers in European Russia, but they increase further north and east. There are less than 20 cities east of the Ural mountains, which have relatively low specific emissions (less than 5 kg/1000 roubles of industrial production in comparable prices, while the average national value is 31 kg). These include more than 10 oil & gas producing centers in the northern part of Tyumen Region, the diamond producing centre of Mirny, and Yakutsk, which has almost no industry and generates its electricity from natural gas, unlike most cities in Siberia and the Far East. On average, specific emissions in northern and eastern cities where coal accounts for most of power generation, are respectively 3.5 or 1.4 times higher than in cities where power is generated from gas or fuel oil. Geographical location, climate and coal burning are the main reasons for increased levels of anthropogenic pollution in these areas
- Добавил в систему: Битюкова Виктория Расуловна