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Интеллектуальная Система Тематического Исследования НАукометрических данных |
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Russian riddle and its solution – searching in dictionary and in corpusтезисы доклада
- Автор: Potemkin S.
- Сборник: Transactions of the 4th International Conference on Corpus Linguistics
- Тезисы
- Год издания: 2012
- Место издания: Universidad de Jaen Jaen (Spain)
- Первая страница: 101
- Последняя страница: 102
- Аннотация: Semantic link between text of a riddle and its solution should not be obvious - otherwise the solving is trivial, and will not cause interest. Denotat of the riddles (actually its solution) replaces a logical variable in the riddle. This variable sometimes is named “The Wolf of iron, and the tail of linen” = a needle and a thread; expressed by a personal pronoun “I am small, I am daring, when I enter the palace, the king wakes up”= a flea; or by an empty variable “X has passed through the earth, and found a red cap” = a mushroom, etc. [1] In all cases, a variable should be substituted by the denotat, i.e. the clue, and sometimes, but not always, if the variable is named, its very name hints at the answer: “A pear hanging, nobody can eat it” = light bulb - bulb is pear-shaped, both are feminine nouns, inanimate (in Russian). In other cases, the denotat is not consistent with the substitute neither grammatically, nor semantically (Wolf + tail, needle + thread). The text of a riddle and its solution should probably have some semantic relationship, otherwise one could substitute any constant as the solution, and the riddle would become meaningless. Identification of the semantic links can be based on an explanatory dictionary as well as on the National corpus of (Russian) language. Consider the riddle “X has four legs, but not a beast, feathered, but not a bird” = a bed. It should be noted that restrictions are imposed on the denotat: ~ (X ≡ beast), ~ (X ≡ bird). Dictionary [2] provides an explanation of each word of the riddle. We choose a chain containing only those words that satisfy the above constraints: leg - furniture – four - bed – feather-bed - feather . Dictionary-established connection between the two hallmarks of denotation: Part-of (X, legs), Part-of (X, feathers). Using relationships Hypo(furniture, bed); Part-of(bed, legs); Part-of(Bed, Feather-bed); Part-of(Feather-bed, feathers), transitivity of Part-of, we have: Part-of(bed, feathers), Part-of(bed, legs). Solution is: X = {bed}. However, the same riddle may be solved by substitution X = {a drunken Indian} (standing on four legs and is decorated with feathers). More difficult is a riddle like this one: “a yokel runs through the woods, a mirror thrust under his belt shines" In this case, the dictionaries do not reveal any connection between the riddle and its solution, these connections are expressed by associative links which can be found in corpora [3]. axe - belt - shine – mirror: - Hunter’s son thrusts an ax under his belt, ... [M. Prishvin. Sun pantry (1945)] - Vladimir opened the door and stumbled upon a man, huddled in a corner - an ax shone in his hand ... [A. Pushkin. Dubrovsky (1833)] - Bluish night haze drifted over marshy plain, lakes shone as pink mirrors … [I. Efremov. Razor's Edge (1959-1963)] The solution is connected with the riddle through the texts of corpus. mirror = ax, but it can also be found another connection yokel = stream (running through the woods and shines like a mirror). Solution ambiguity is rooted in the very nature of the riddle, that is the solution should be known, not discovered. This knowledge may serve to distinguish a fellow or a stranger in traditional cultures. Nevertheless the search for connections between a riddle and its solution allows one to define a measure of the riddle complexity and arrange them on a scale where vocable + definition in the dictionary is the lower end (0), and the upper end of complexity (1) is the automatically generated login and password. In particular, the riddles of different complexity can be used to test information retrieval systems
- Добавил в систему: Потемкин Сергей Борисович