Аннотация:The air temperature dynamics in Moscow city has been studied at the first during last two and quarter centuries since 1779 when a first meteorological station in Moscow was found by Societas Meteorologica Palatina of Mannheim. The air temperature data in Moscow have been collected and analyzed for the total period from that time to nowadays. Some questions connected with an accuracy of old thermometers in the XVIII and the XIX centuries and with principal comparability of the air temperature measurements at different time are discussed.
As a result of this analysis it is shown that three main changes of sign of the air temperature tendency in Moscow took place during last 225 years. A fall of air temperature started at the beginning of the Nineteenth century and was followed by steady long increase since the end of the XIX century. It extended during the whole last century almost monotonically and seems to become a bit slower only during last decades. A total increase of the air temperature in Moscow city consisted of nearly 1.8 ºC during last 225 years. It is connected not only with an effect of the urban “heat island” of Moscow city but with a change of background climatic conditions too. For a rural zone in Moscow region the increase of the air temperature consisted of 0.7 ºC during this period.