Аннотация:Tordylium L. is one of the moderately critical genera in the Umbelliferae and its taxonomy remains complicated. Many genera that were split from Tordylium in the past (e.g. Ainsworthia Boiss., Hasselquistia L., Condylocarpus Hoffm. and Synelcosciadium Boiss.), are now proposed to be congeneric with it. With the aim to resolve relationships of Tordylium s.l. we reassess in detail the carpological characters that are still important criteria in the taxonomy and identification of Umbelliferae (Pimenov, Ostroumova, 2014), and conduct analysis of nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. According to our ITS sequence data, Tordylium s.l. is not monophyletic. Its species are nested in three distinct highly supported clades. The majority of fruit morphological and anatomical characters do not correlate with groups delineated in molecular ITS tree. It is possible to suppose that the occurrence of dimorphic fruits in Tordylium, as well as the presence of bulges at marginal mericarp ribs, the presence of calyx teeth, and the presence of thinner basal part of thickened marginal ribs evolved independently. The molecular data are consistent only with type of indumentum (strigose hairs in T. maximum and T. carmeli) and number of vittae (numerous vallecular and commissural vittae are characteristic only of T. apulum, which is recognized by some authors as distinct genus Condylocarpus).