Properties of Glacial, Iceberg and Permafrost Water

Vasil’chuk, Y.K.; Vasil’chuk, A.C.

Авторы: Vasil’chuk Yu K., Vasil’chuk A.C.
Сборник: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). Ed.: M.G. Khublaryan
Том: 2
Год издания: 2009
Первая страница: 205
Последняя страница: 237
Аннотация: The most precise method of obtaining age-depth relationships is by counting seasonal changes distributed by delta18O, dust particles or acidity. Beyond the Holocene or latest Pleistocene in the case of GISP2, less precise methods are used such as (1) matching reference horizons of known age; for example, in the Byrd core by volcanic acidity maxima; (2) radioactive dating of carbon–14; by 36Cl/10Be ratios, or for a short term, 32Si or 210Pb; (4) matching of the delta record with another dated climatic record, principally deep sea records; and (5) by the less precise method of ice flow models. Examination of climatic records shows that solar minima correlate not only with increased cosmogenic production, as evidenced in the 10Be record over a solar cycle, but also with periods of lower temperature. The 10Be profiles in both Greenland and Antarctic cores match very well and are well correlated with atmospheric 14C. A detailed comparison of 10Be and 14C improves the depth–age relation for the ice cores. Ground ice may be dated using 14C from air bubbles and from organic material incorporated into ground ice. Air bubbles in ground ice may give valuable information about genesis and age of the ice. Tabular massive ground ice has been dated in the Pleistocene Mackenzie Delta at Peninsula Point by Late Wisconsin. By means of AMS, the ice wedges themselves can now be dated directly by their organic remains found in the ice. Direct 14C dating of Late Pleistocene and Holocene ice–wedges by AMS, shows a clear age stratification of the ice wedges. Tritium in permafrost mainly associated with modern ice formation. Ice body of Miocene age has been found in Beacon valley in the Dry valley region, Antarctica. It is of interest that oscillations of delta18O in syngenetic ice wedges are close to delta18O variations in another Quaternary cryosphere objects (i.e. ice cores) for the same time interval. Properties of different forms of ice use to study of environment, palaeoclimatic changes, modern condition for building constructing and future.
Добавил в систему: Васильчук Юрий Кириллович

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