Fallout radionuclide-based techniques for assessing the impact of soil conservation measures on erosion control and soil quality: an overview of the main lessons learnt under an FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Projectстатья
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Аннотация:This paper summarizes key findings and identifies the main lessons learnt from a 5-year (2002e2008)
coordinated research project (CRP) on “Assessing the effectiveness of soil conservation measures for
sustainable watershed management and crop production using fallout radionuclides” (D1.50.08), organized
and funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency through the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of
Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. The project brought together nineteen participants, from
Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russian
Federation, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America and Vietnam, involved in the use of
nuclear techniques and, more particularly, fallout radionuclides (FRN) to assess the relative impacts of
different soil conservation measures on soil erosion and land productivity. The overall objective of the
CRP was to develop improved land use and management strategies for sustainable watershed
management through effective soil erosion control practices, by the use of 137Cs (half-life of 30.2 years),
210Pbex (half-life of 22.3 years) and 7Be (half-life of 53.4 days) for measuring soil erosion over several
spatial and temporal scales.
The environmental conditions under which the different research teams applied the tools based on the
use of fallout radionuclides varied considerably e a variety of climates, soils, topographies and land uses.
Nevertheless, the achievements of the CRP, as reflected in this overview paper, demonstrate that falloutradionuclide-based techniques are powerful tools to assess soil erosion/deposition at several spatial and
temporal scales in a wide range of environments, and offer potential to monitor soil quality. The success of
the CRP has stimulated an interest in many IAEA Member States in the use of these methodologies to
identify factors and practices that can enhance sustainable agriculture and minimize land degradation