Muon content of extensive air showers: Comparison of the energy spectra obtained by the Sydney University Giant Air-shower Recorder and by the Pierre Auger Observatoryстатья
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Аннотация:The Sydney University Giant Air-shower Recorder (SUGAR) measured the energy spectrum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays reconstructed from muon-detector readings, while the Pierre Auger Observatory, looking at the same Southern sky, used the calorimetric fluorescence method for the same purpose. Comparison of their two spectra allows us to reconstruct the empirical dependence of the number of muons in a vertical shower on the primary energy for energies between 10^17 and 10^18.5 eV. We compare this with the predictions of hadronic interaction models QGSJET-II-04, EPOS-LHC and SIBYLL-2.3c. The empirically determined number of muons with energies above 0.75 GeV in a vertical shower exceeds the simulated one by the factors ~1.7 and ~1.3 for 10^17 eV proton and iron primaries respectively. The muon excess grows moderately with the primary energy, increasing by an additional factor of ~1.2 for 10^18.5 eV primaries.