Аннотация:Background and aims: Brain energy supply (consumption of oxygen, glucose, etc.) is realized by local (up to the individual neuronal columns) capillary vascular regulation. These processes are reflected in a BOLD-fMRI signal and estimate the "load" of the respective brain locus by a cognitive task. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CR) is a sensitive biomarker for cerebrovascular diseases, leading to a functional disorder of this brain area and to cognitive impairments possible to predict. Method: Evaluation of local brain CR with fMRI using the standard technique of registration of BOLD-signal changes during hyperventilation. Results: We developed a method for early detection of neurocognitive disorders risks in humans, through fMRI measurement of local brain CR. Local changes in BOLD signal during lungs hyperventilation (“test”) compared to the calm state ("background"), without performing any cognitive task (block paradigm), characterize the area of the brain with impairment of vascular regulation. Then these results predict and correct neurocognitive disorders on the basis of well-known neuropsychological data. Conclusions: To summarize, the results of the pilot application of the proposed methodology are consistent with the results of neuropsychological and medical examinations. It should be noted that the early signs of vascular cognitive impairment primarily manifested in neurodynamic disorders, i.e. in the memory, attention and control functions disturbances - the so-called cognitive control. The proposed methodology could be a useful tool for comparative diagnosis (re-examination) to identify changes in brain cerebrovascular reactivity during the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of vascular neurocognitive disorders.