Аннотация:A nonlinear two-dimensional hydrodynamic (HD) equation of Kuramoto-Sivashinsky(KS) type for the
thickness of the laser pulse-induced viscous molten layer on solid base is derived in the long wavelength and weak
nonlinearity approximation. Linear stability analysis shows that under the condition that the temperature gradient
in the surface laser-melted layer is directed from the surface to the bulk, the thermocapillar or evaporative hydrodynamic
instability sets in, that leads to the formation of surface relief structures with dimensions proportional to
the thickness of the molten layer. Computer simulations predict the successive formation, in linear and nonlinear
regimes, of extended lamellar-like, disordered and hexagonal periodic structures of the surface relief when the time
of irradiation is increased. Under tight laser light focusing, in the quasi-nonlinear regime, phase synchronization of
Fourier harmonics of the surface relief, occurring due to the three HD mode interactions, is shown to lead to formation
of holes or nanobumps (nanojets). Crown-like computer solutions of the HDKS equation are obtained in the
case of Gaussian intensity distribution in the laser beam.
Index terms: pulsed laser irradiation of solids, laser-induced surface melt, inverted normal temperature gradient,
thermocapillar and evaporative instability of surface relief, modified hydrodynamic Kuramoto-Sivashinsky
equation, computer simulations of HDKS equation, lamellar, disordered, and hexagonal periodic surface structures,
nanoholes, nanobumps (nanojets) and crowns