Regulation of natural rubber biosynthesis by proteins associated with rubber particlesстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 10 августа 2018 г.
Аннотация:Natural rubber, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, is an essential raw material used in thousands of products,
many of which are absolutely necessary for medical purposes. Natural rubber is obtained from latex, an aqueous
emulsion present in the laticiferous vessels of the natural rubber-producing plants. Hevea brasiliensis (the
Brazilian rubber tree) currently is the only commercially important source of natural rubber. H. brasiliensis
crops have very little genetic variability, leaving rubber plantations at risk of serious pathogenic attacks. In
addition, repeated exposure to residual proteins in latex products derived from H. brasiliensis have led to serious
and widespread allergic (type I) hypersensitivity. Therefore, identification of alternative sources of natural
rubber is a very important biotechnological task. Potentially, Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) may
be such an alternative because significant amounts of natural rubber are produced in its root system. However,
H. brasiliensis is a more efficient producer of natural rubber than T. kok-saghyz. Thus, improvement of
rubber biosynthesis in plants is a first-priority problem of modern biotechnology. In this review, we describe
proteins that may increase the concentration of natural rubber in laticiferous vessels of T. kok-saghyz and its
close relative Taraxacum brevicorniculatum, when overexpressed in the plants. These proteins, cis-prenyltransferases,
rubber transferase activator, and small rubber particle proteins, are directly involved in synthesis
of the polyisoprene chain. We also analyze the effects of their expression levels on the production of natural
rubber in vivo.