Место издания:Wageningen UR, Communication Services, Wageningen, The Netherlands Wageningen The Netherlands
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Аннотация:Actual problem of assessment of ecological damage caused by pollution and land degradation
was considered at the farm level: a pilot farm of Lomonosov Moscow State University called
"Chashnikovo". There are various techniques for determining of damage caused to soils and
lands, which were developed for separate subjects: Moscow City and Russian Federation in
general, and separately for different types of the impact (pollution and degradation) on soils
and lands. Determination of damage caused by pollution, degradations and wasting of the land
plots, in particular, is one of type of an ecology-economics assessment of lands. The value of
damage can be counted proceeding from costs of work on restoration of the polluted, degraded
and wasted lands. The assessment could be made using the existing quotations of different
types of recovery works, such as movement and warehousing of soil, or calculating the value
of damage using the existing techniques. The level of pollution and extent of degradation were
calculated based on the results of analyzes of chemical and physical properties of soils,
including the comparison of these properties to the ecological standards ranged on 5 mark
scale. The value of damage caused to soils and lands by pollution and degradation was
calculated using various Russian techniques at the farm level. For each of techniques the
advantages and shortcomings were revealed: for example, the ungrounded provenance of
tariffs (rates) for pollution, degradation and wasting of soils and lands. The received values of
damage were compared with the cost of remediation for the studied area.