Аннотация:Some different-scale hydrological consequences of recent and historical climate change and the permafrost degradation within the Amur Basin are considered in this paper. The data obtained at 20 weather stations in Russia and China, were analyzed to track the generalized trends in near-surface air and soil temperature and precipitation rate over the Amur watershed. For 1980's, a kind of a climate-caused covariance in soil temperature series at 10 observation sites from Transbaikalia through the Xingkai/Khanka Lake was found. Presumably, during the 1990's, a large amount of dissolved iron-humic compounds have been contemporarily released out from rapidly melting of peat and peaty soils in the landscapes where permafrost is getting reduced, into the rivers and, finally, into the Amur. The Flood Cycle Model simulations based on daily precipitation and discharge dataset reveal at least 3 types of the small rivers' response in event and ground runoff on the climate change within the Russian part of the Amur Basin. A DEM-analysis reconstruction of the pra-Amur catchment area detects obviously a more humid climate in western part of the Amur Basin in early and middle Holocene.