ИСТИНА

комплексная эколого-геохимическая оценка состояния промышленных городов Азово-Черноморского побережья (Керчь, Таганрог) на основе анализа загрязнения микрочастиц почв и дорожной пыли тяжелыми, металлами, металлоидами (ТММ) и полициклическими ароматическими углеводородами (ПАУ)

In recent years, the coast of the Black and Azov Seas has been experiencing significant anthropogenic impact due to the high level of urbanization, increased recreational use and agricultural activities, which necessitates the study of the ecological state of coastal cities in the region. Kerch and Taganrog, which are industrial centers, are among the largest by area and population of the coastal cities of the Crimea and the Eastern Azov region. Transport, including transit, is one of the most important sources of pollution in both cities. Kerch and Taganrog are transport hubs where rail, road, sea and air transport are widely developed, collectively supplying more than half of their total emissions. A significant contribution to the pollution of both cities is also made by enterprises of the heat and power complex, the food industry, building materials, landfills and solid waste, municipal, domestic and industrial effluents that are discharged into the Black and Azov Seas. The project is aimed at assessing the contamination of PM10 microparticles of soils and road dust of the cities of Kerch and Taganrog with heavy metals, metalloids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Ecological and geochemical assessment of contamination of soil microparticles and road dust will be carried out on the basis of data on the content of very dangerous organic pollutants – PAHs, as well as a wide range of heavy metals, metalloids, which will be possible thanks to their determination on the ultra-precise equipment of a certified international laboratory by mass spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS, ICP-AES). PAHs will be determined in the laboratory of the Southern Federal University on a highly efficient hybrid mass spectrometer with a HPLC system. Processing of the received data will be carried out using a complex of geochemical and sanitary-hygienic indicators. Particular attention will be paid to the spatial trends of urban pollution in Kerch and Taganrog, the peculiarities of the distribution of pollutants in various functional zones – in industrial areas, residential areas, along large, medium and small roads, as well as in recreation areas, parks and embankments, which will allow a better study of the quality of life and potential health hazards as urban residents and vacationers alike. The sources of pollutants in the urban environment will be determined using the Principal component method (PCA). As a result of calculations, industrial and transport sources of elements will become known, including sources of road dust – emissions from the combustion of fuel and engine oil particles, abrasion of the pavement, abrasion of tires and brake pads, as well as natural and terrigenous sources, emissions of enterprises of the thermal power complex. By comparing the chemical composition of soil microparticles and road dust, it is proposed to identify the paragenesis of heavy metals, metalloids coming from common sources and simultaneously accumulating in both components, which will allow to establish the main routes of pollutants. All the received materials will be combined into a geoinformation system that provides the collection, processing and storage of spatial data, which will allow creating various thematic maps characterizing the contamination of microparticles of heavy metals, metalloids and PAH. The solution of the tasks formulated in the project will help the development of scientifically based control of the ecological state of coastal cities and the development of measures aimed at improving the living conditions of the urban population and vacationers.

1)Данные о содержании ТММ и ПАУ в микрочастицах РМ10 почв различных функциональных зон и дорожной пыли на разных типах дорог в Керчи и Таганроге; 2)Характеристика и оценка загрязнения микрочастиц РМ10 дорожной пыли и почв Керчи и Таганрога. Эколого-геохимические карты распределения загрязнителей на территории Керчи и Таганрога; 3)Парагенетические ассоциации или парагенезисы поллютантов, одновременно поступающие в почву, дорожную пыль и микрочастицы РМ10 почв и пыли от единого источника; 4)Оценка вклада микрочастиц РМ10 в общее загрязнение почв и дорожной пыли; 5)Характеристика природных и антропогенных источников поступления поллютантов; 6)Сравнительная характеристика загрязнения Керчи и Таганрога. Эколого-геохимические портреты двух городов; 7)Результаты оценки экологического риска для здоровья населения;

Проект будет выполняться на географическом факультете МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова. Исполнителями проекта получены значительные результаты в разработке методологии и методики оценки экологического состояния городской среды. На основе этих подходов дана детальная эколого-геохимическая оценка состояния окружающей среды ряда городов России и Монголии, для которых установлены пространственно-временные тренды загрязнения почв и дорожной пыли потенциально токсичными веществами. В эколого-геохимических оценках городов обоснованы и использованы различные методы математического и картографического моделирования. Предложен и апробирован способ выявления парагенезисов ТММ путем сравнения геохимической специализации компонентов городского ландшафта. Участники проекта обладают большим опытом эколого-геохимических исследований городов Крыма, проводившихся в рамках Крымской экспедиции РГО, что позволит успешно выполнить предложенный проект.