ИСТИНА

Tephritoidea and Nothyboidea are considered to be sister groups. We reviewed genitalia of 16 families belonging to these two groups. These two superfamilies are characterized by own ground plan of genital structures. Genitalia of Tephritoidea differ by reduction of hypandrial sclerites, decrease of hypandrium, enlargement of epandrium, aedeagus elongating. In basal group of Tephritoidea (Piophilidae) aedeagus keeps a structure, typical for Tephritoidea, but relatively short, hypandrial sclerites present. Genitalia of sister group Nothyboidea: Nerioidea have genitalia with long two-parted aedeagus, connected with a pair of sclerites (homologised as parameres). There is a pair of narrow connecting sclerites (“x” sclerites sensu Griffits, 1972), joined bases of parameres and hypandrium. In basal group of Nothyboidea (Diopsoidea) aedeagus is short, connecting sclerites in some species present. Elongating aedeagus of Tephritoidea can be due to sclerotising of ovipositor of females, and this can be due to larvae phytophagy. Similar process of elongating of aedeagus (but exemplified in another form) is mentioned in Psilid genus Psilosoma Zettershtedt and due to strongly sclerotising of ovipositor. We made following conclusions. In evolution of Tephritoidea s.l. can be distinguished basal group, including Piophilidae and Pallopteridae, and monophyletic group, containing Ulidiidae, Platystomatidae, Tephritidae, Pyrgotidae. In evolution of Nothyboidea also can be distinguished basal group Diopsoidea, including Diopsidae, Psilidae, and monophyletic Nerioidea, including Tanypezidae, Strongylophthalmyiidae, Megamerinidae, Syringogastridae, Neriidae, Cypselosomatidae, Pseudopomizidae.