ИСТИНА

Over the past decades dramatic climatic changes are increasingly observed in many regions of the Earth. At the same time, the World Ocean and the deserted territories play an important role in the processes of weather and climate formation. Without taking into account the real characteristics of the interaction of the atmosphere and the land (oceanic) surface it is impossible to successfully develop both atmospheric circulation modeling and long-term and short-term weather and climate forecasting methods. The report is devoted to the study of the interaction of the atmosphere and the underlying surface in the presence of splashes, sand particles and snow drifting. These phenomena are united by the fact that in all cases, when the wind velocity is increased, a moving layer of particles forms at the surface - water droplets, sand and soil particles, snowflakes. And the flow becomes two-phase. At the surface, the particle concentration is greater than in the upper layers. This means that below the density of the air mixture (air and particles) is greater than at the top - i.e. In addition to thermal stratification, a stable stratification of the atmosphere in density is formed. With stable stratification, turbulent eddies spend more energy on overcoming the forces of buoyancy, which means that its have less energy and the intensity of mixing decreases. A theoretical description of the effect of the acceleration of a two-phase flow was given in [Barenblatt, Golitsyn, 1974]. But experimental data are still not enough. Works combining all three phenomena are currently absent. The report considers experimental and theoretical studies of this phenomenon. The work is carried out within the framework of the RNF grant 17-17-01210.