ИСТИНА

Since 2018, the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP MSU) has been conducting systematic studies of space weather phenomena onboard CubeSat-type satellites [1]. The KODIZ instrument, a combined radiation detector launched in 2022 on the Monitor-1 satellite, featured a detector telescope that demonstrated the feasibility of creating ultra-small spectrometers for space weather monitoring [2]. This was followed in 2024 by the SUP (Universal Proton Spectrometer) onboard the Altair satellite. Building on this experience, we have developed the KODIZ-2 instrument – a next-generation radiation detector designed for the SINP-MSU-80 (Scorpion) satellite [3]. KODIZ-2 represents a significant advancement in compact radiation spectrometry. The instrument comprises three detector telescopes arranged orthogonally. This unique configuration enables simultaneous measurements of particle fluxes from multiple directions, allowing reconstruction of the pitch-angle distribution of trapped and precipitating particles in the Earth's radiation belts. Each telescope combines two semiconductor detectors with a CsI(Tl) scintillator. This phoswich-type design extends the energy range for proton registration up to 80 MeV, significantly expanding the instrument's capabilities compared to its predecessors. The orthogonal orientation of the telescopes (directed along three axes) provides crucial information about the anisotropy of particle fluxes and allows differentiation between trapped particles (moving predominantly perpendicular to magnetic field lines) and precipitating particles (moving along field lines toward the atmosphere). Prior to launch, extensive Geant4 simulations were performed to optimize the detector geometry and characterize its response to various particle species and energies. The simulations confirmed the instrument's ability to: - Separate electrons and protons through pulse shape analysis; - Determine particle energy with high resolution across the dynamic range; - Distinguish between different incidence angles using coincidence techniques between telescope layers. The SINP-MSU-80 (Scorpion) satellite was successfully launched on December 28, 2025, into a low Earth orbit. KODIZ-2 is currently in the flight test phase. Upon completion of flight tests, the instrument will transition to continuous monitoring mode, contributing to the growing network of radiation detectors in low Earth orbit.