ИСТИНА

Additive manufacturing, particularly laser additive manufacturing (LAM), has revolutionized the field of materials engineering by enabling the precise fabrication of complex geometries with bespoke properties. This technology uses laser energy to locally melt a source metal material, either in the form of powder or wire, layer by layer, to create three-dimensional objects. The versatility of LAM provides a unique opportunity to utilize a wide range of metallic alloys and composite materials, allowing for advancements in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering. Despite the remarkable potential of LAM, a critical challenge facing its adoption is the possible variation in alloy compositions during the additive manufacturing process. This alteration can result from factors such as differential evaporation of alloying elements, oxidation, or variations in the thermodynamic conditions of melting-solidification cycle. Addressing these issues requires a nuanced understanding of the in-situ chemical and physical transformations that occur. Spectroscopic approaches provide real-time monitoring capabilities to detect and quantify compositional changes, thus offering a pathway to better control and stabilization of the LAM process. We have developed an optical emission spectroscopy system for in-situ composition monitoring during the laser metal deposition process. The system is based on a high-resolution optical spectroscopy sensor and allows for the in-situ collection of unique spectral features intrinsic to the materials used. Using intelligent data analysis and machine learning methods, the system can tailor additive process parameters to achieve the desired material composition as well as optimal biochemical and biomechanical compatibility characteristics. The capabilities of the developed spectroscopic system have been demonstrated in the additive manufacturing of superelastic titanium-nickelide alloys with volume-stable mechanical properties and surface structure suitable for medical use.