ИСТИНА

Marine fish from both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, for example, those from the Clupeiformes and Gadiformes, have displayed a high level of macro- and micro-evolutionary processes during the Quaternary period due to their ability to migrate, their plenitude, and their broad range of environmental adaptability. This was particularly evident against the backdrop of worldwide shifts in climate and ocean conditions associated with the global ocean's periods of regression and transgression. In the process of studying the phylogeography of marine fish, it's crucial to determine the significance of various paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic phenomena on their formative processes. To deduce marine fish dispersal patterns and the reasons for their distribution, compelling arguments are required. To evaluate their impact on shape-forming processes, a reconstruction of likely past climate incidents and environmental conditions is needed. One method to validate the accuracy of these reconstructions is through comparative phylogeography, founded on the concept that similar patterns seen in different species suggest they were shaped by the same prehistoric geographic events. Such conclusions have been drawn about species within the Clupea and Gadus genera. Even with differences in anatomy, physiology, and behavior as well as their evolutionary divergence, herring and cod exhibited similar responses to the paleogeological and paleoceanographic events in the Tertiary and Quaternary periods. These events include the opening of the Bering Strait due to tectonic plate movement, the Arctic's cooling prompted by the formation of a land bridge between South and North America, evolutionary development responding to the Earth's crust spreading, and so forth.