ИСТИНА

We implemented two different strategies of the pretreatment. First of all, the pretreatment through the caramelization of glucose was carried out. The difference in the degree of caramelized glucose polymerization results in distinct morphological and surface features after the pyrolysis [3]. Secondly, hydrothermal carbonization was applied as another type of pretreatment. The influence of the main processing parameters (glucose solution concentration, temperature and duration of hydrothermal carbonization) on the size of HC particles and their morphology was determined. The obtained HCs demonstrates the high initial Coulombic efficiency up to 91% and reversible capacity ~300 mAh/g. Thus, the precise control of the pretreatment conditions in any case leads to a significant improvement in electrochemical performance of HCs.