ИСТИНА

The first attempt to integrate the Islamic principles into the capitalist system of economic relations was made by Tatar religious figures in the early 20th century. These thinkers have formed a special understanding of the moral values of Islam by creative using of classical economic study to the contemporary condition of Muslims, contributing to the development of capitalist consciousness in society. They also came to theological and legal conclusions, which were intended to legitimize credit and banking and other commercial and financial relations, which were widely spread in the conditions of development of capitalism in the Russian Empire. While proclaiming the moral values of Quran and the Sunnah as the basis of business they encouraged wealth and private property. They also appealed Muslims to active work in various sectors of economy, using modern methods and technologies, getting special education, and participating in the work of financial institutions which is an important element of capitalism development. They developed new theological approaches to the Qur'anic prohibition on usury, and to the question of its presence or absence in various types of banking operations. After legalizing the opportunity to participate in a number of general civil operations of banks and other credit institutions of pre-revolutionary Russia, they developed the concept and creation of a special Islamic bank in the country. These thinkers have stimulated the development within the Muslim market with the help of commercial magazines, which provide information on Muslim entrepreneurs all over Russia. They legalized and encouraged interfaith and international trade relations as well, declaring at the same time the unity of the moral tenets of Islam Business representatives of all religions and social groups. The balance between ethical - social and economic teachings of Tatar reformers and enterprise development among the Tatars discovers what might be called the "capitalist spirit" of Islam in them. It proves the idea that the Tatar reformers’ teaching had that type of views which was close to the fundamental religious dogma. According to Max Weber’s point of view they are typical to Protestantism, and are the most important factor in the development of capitalism in Europe and America. Tatar religious figures of the early twentieth century have seen the basis of socioeconomic activities and scientific progress in Islam. They consider the passivity and detachment engulfing the Muslim world as a sin and misunderstanding of the essence of Islam. Studying theological-economic thought of Russian religious figures, from a religious position to justify capitalist credit and banking relationships, and encouraging interfaith integration of economic activity, is designed to further to the efforts of modern economists and Muslim theologians in order to find ways to harmonize Islamic principles with the imperatives of the global economy. Like hundred years ago, today this problem remains one of the most vital for Muslim peoples. The solution of this problem will contribute to the socio-economic development of the Muslim regions, as well as their integration into the world economic system.