ИСТИНА

Hard carbon (HC) is the most promising and scalable anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). HCs do not cost much and can be synthesized using various carbon-based precursors such as carbohydrates, phenolic resins and biomass [1,2]. They demonstrate superior characteristics compared to all other carbonaceous materials for SIBs as sodium ions cannot be intercalated into graphite structure in a significant amount [3]. However, the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and discharge capacity is still lower than the ICE of graphite in lithium-ion batteries. Thus, it is of great importance to enhance electrochemical performance of HCs.