ИСТИНА

Abstraction of scenarios of development of large-scale moisture transfer anomalies is spent according to re-analyses NCEP/NCAR, GPCP and ERA-40 data during the periods of warm and cold phases of the phenomenon the El-Nino – Southern Oscillation. Moisture transfer patterns in extreme events of phenomenon ENSO (both warm, and cold phases) were considered. The analysis has shown that in both cases unprecedented anomalies of large-scale circulation in zonal and meridional directions are observed. During the period of the El-Nino intensive moisture transfer in the system of equatorial western winds converged with weakened east trade winds transfer to east parts of Pacific Ocean. Thus, over Indian Ocean during the period of El-Nino in all layer of atmosphere to 5 km moisture transfer to system of equatorial western winds has been replaced with a moisture transfer by trade winds. As a result of these two macro-scale anomalies the area of Indonesia and northern Australia in a summer monsoon instead of monsoonal rains catastrophic droughts were observed. In a cold phase – La-Nina – took place essentially other situation. During La-Nina the intensification of the moisture transfer by western trade winds over Indian Ocean was observed Over Pacific Ocean completely prevailed east trade winds transfer. Generally, circulation in tropics was reinstated. EOF analysis of precipitation fields also was applied. The first EOF mode has received almost 36 % of the general dispersion. Their main components schedule has shown that its most extreme values were observed in 1983 and 1998 (the most catastrophic events the ENSO. The greatest positive anomalies of precipitations, caused by variability of large-scale atmospheric circulation, were observed in the central areas of Pacific Ocean, and negative – in western areas. In years of La-Nina the opposite pattern, accordingly, was observed.