ИСТИНА

More than 7 ant genomes are sequenced to date, and evolutionary history and genetic traits of this group are thoroughly described in many papers. [1] Most researchers focus on ant traits, associated with eusociality – complicated communication, extended longevity (mostly in queens) and cast differentiation. Search for genetic basis of eusociality determined the main stream of these studies – odorant and immune system and cast-specific developmental genes were examined. Nevertheless little attention was paid for genomic basis of ants environmental success. Ant successful adaptation to different environments can be understood only by detailed examination of each species biological peculiarities, especially population number and distribution. We took Lasius niger for our analysis for its tremendous ability to stay against antropogenic pressure. [2] 50-80 workers were collected from 3 urban and 3 suburban populations, genomic DNA was isolated separately from each population and sequenced by Illumina. Reads from all populations were assembled with SPAdes 3.5 and annotated with Augustus, blast and blast2go. All bacterial and fungal sequences were removed from the assembly. Genes of CYP450, odorant receptors, neuropeptides and some other were manually annotated with reciprocal blastp. Reads from different populations were mapped on assembled genome with tophat and compared with popoolation2. Genes of P450 CYP9 family were found amplified in Lasius niger. Our previous data on protein modeling suggest that CYP9 proteins detoxify mycotoxins of Fusarium, fungus, highly contaminating our ant genome. Lasius niger has less genes of olfactory system than other sequenced ants, we suggest that there can be trade-off between olfactory and detoxification systems. Olfactory system reduction in Lasius niger could also facilitate polyfagy. We found 4 times more integrated retroviral sequences in Lasius niger genome than in other ant's genomes. Comparison of different GO abundance between ant species revealed significant increase in GOs “nucleic acid binding” and “DNA repair” and also singificant decrease in GO “odorant binding”. We can hypothesize that Lasius niger has high level of viral infection and amplifyed genes of DNA reparation system to reduce the damage from foreign DNA. Urban and suburban populations differ in integrated viral genes and some viral genes have signatures of selection.