ИСТИНА

Circassian applicatives show much variation in their properties and the properties of the syntactically autonomous expressions introduced by them. We discuss the following properties of markers that may function as applicatives: • occasional obligatoriness, • semantic (non-)specification of the role, • obligatoriness of cross-reference • recursivity • the capacity of an introduced participant to show formal adjunct-like properties • the possibility of cross-reference We demonstrate that not only different applicatives may differ in these properties (Lander 2015) but also one and the same applicative has different properties depending on whether it introduces a more argument-like or a more adjunct-like participant. Our findings support the view that the argumentadjunct distinction is fuzzy (Vater 1978, Somers 1984, Forker 2014) but it also demonstrates that this fuzziness may be reflected not only in dependent-marking but also in head-marking morphology such as applicatives.