ИСТИНА

The term «landscape» was introduced into Russian scientific literature in 1913. Since that time a lot of competing conceptions about landscape structure have been eveloped. Though traditional genesis-based approach with strong focus on abiotic factors is the most widely applied, today landscape is treated as multifaceted and multifunctional phenomenon, a complex system that requires multiplicity of projections to reveal essential relations between geocomponents and spatial elements. The presentation contains a review of approaches and concepts used in Russia to describe landscape structure: genetic-morphological, positional-dynamical, paragenetical, biocentric, biocirculation, basin and catena approaches, and the concept of chorions. Landscape map provides information on various types of landscape structures though one of them is commonly chosen as basic frame. The choice of basic type of structure used for mapping is dictated by expected practical application. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project No 20-05- 00464