ИСТИНА

All major monitoring systems are either already working on the basis of GIS, or are being rebuilt to this system. One of them is the information system for urban planning (ISOGD), which contains not only geodetic and topographic materials, but also databases and analytical documents related to the territorial planning of socio-economic development, and in different spatial scales: the Russian Federation, the subjects of the Russian Federation, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements. If we create a large, effectively working at different territorial levels monitoring system, it is only on the basis of the latest information technologies, which is GIS. The logic of construction and operation of this GIS will make it possible to implement all the ideas related to monitoring the state of ethnic and cultural diversity. The technical capabilities of this information system allow: create databases and knowledge bases (including those containing the results of sociological surveys); BigData - apply various methods of processing and analysis of information (and not only cartographic); - simulate and predict processes. The key is that any event will be initially tied to the territory. At the same time, of course, all thematic blocks of monitoring related to different research methods, including sociological and cartographic, should be in one system and be conducted by one RCM. Indeed, mapping is only one means of analyzing most processes and phenomena. But, underestimating the role of cartographic material can deprive the future monitoring system of a serious way to visualize the data and information. We should not forget that the state of interethnic and religious relations is primarily a territorial binding and spatial differentiation. Competently constructed map will allow you to quickly recognize the pain points in the territory of Russian cities. The current dominance of the humanitarian approach in ethnological research, the use of averaged data obtained almost exclusively by sociological research methods, does not always give visible results in the development of effective national policy. This determined the need to involve natural-scientific and mathematical methods of analysis, including geoinformation and cartographic. Interethnic and ethno-confessional relations "do not hang in the air", they are directly or indirectly caused by the ethnic structure of the population, demographic and migration processes, socio-economic development of the territory, the action of regional communities and elites, measures of state Federal and regional national policy. All of these processes are factors that determine the state of the relationship we are interested in. Without analyzing these factors, relying only on the opinions of individual experts and the results of fragmentary opinion polls, it is impossible to conduct full-fledged monitoring. For example, without knowing the objective socio-economic situation in the city, it is almost impossible to choose the key territories for a sociological survey. It is impossible to reduce the impact of socio-economic development on the nature of interethnic relations to a simple thesis that "if the economic potential is low, there will be interethnic conflicts". Directly one from another, of course, does not depend. But at the same time, such republics as Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia – Alania, Chechnya, Ingushetia, which have a level of socio-economic development below average, can hardly be called prosperous in terms of interethnic relations. In the same Republic of Altai, which occupies one of the last places in the country in terms of socio-economic development, there are contradictions between the Altaians and Kazakhs coming here. The socio-economic situation has an extremely ambiguous impact on ethnic processes, their interdependence is obvious. Often, inter-ethnic confrontations are a form of manifestation of deeper socio-economic contradictions, which may not be visible against the background of the entire region, but will become visible at the level of cities and its districts. The republics listed above are labour-surplus. Young people, whose share in the population reaches 30-40%, migrate from their territory to neighboring and distant regions in search of work, do not always successfully integrate into host communities, which causes, at least, inter-ethnic misunderstanding. At the same time, ethnic diversity should certainly not be seen as a threat, but as one of the advantages of regional development. However, it is necessary to monitor the rate of change in the ethnic structure of the population, so that this advantage does not turn into its opposite. The nature of interethnic relations primarily depends on ethnic, demographic and migration processes, changes in the ethnic structure of the population of individual territories. Yes, ethnic migrations change the ethnic structure of the population quite dramatically in some regions of Russia. But it must be borne in mind that even small quantitative changes in the ethnic structure can lead to conflicts. For example, the residence in the Republic of Karelia of only three hundred Chechens, which in the 1980s there was almost no, caused riots in Kondopoga, clearly of an ethnic nature. The hypothesis that even minor changes in the ethnic structure of the population can cause problems of interethnic interaction greatly expands the list of regions and cities that require attention from this point of view. In other words, one of the analytical tasks of the monitoring is to identify local territories with an actively changing ethnic composition of the population, for which it is necessary to determine measures to prevent possible interethnic conflicts, to harmonize interethnic relations. Thus, the system of monitoring the state of interethnic and ethno-confessional relations should be based on the latest technological platform and ideology of GIS, be conducted regularly, consist of the maximum necessary number of thematic blocks, include the possibility of developing analytical materials and practical recommendations for the prevention of interethnic conflicts and harmonization of interethnic relations.