ИСТИНА

International cooperation in the field of nuclear industry (in the domains of both the nuclearenergetics, wastes and as well in nuclear medicine) is being intensively developed in last decades under auspice of IAEA [1]. With the constant growth of this collaboration different new shipping ways are developed and new options could be used like New Silk Belt and Arctic North Sea Route. This arose some questions to the participants of this collaboration that could be answered through risk assessment procedures. Such risk assessment was well developed p.e. in Swiss Re and other and the insurance means are proposed in the late/near past [2]. The basic approaches to understanding of risk estimates/assessment are listed below: 1)Insurance is only one of the tools to work with risks. Most risks can be minimized oreliminated by developing a risk map (risk matrix) with an indication of the possible negative consequences of the realization of a particular risk and possible ways to eliminate / minimize these risks. 2)In addition to insurance, risk management tools include: a)method of refusal (for example, refusal to transport nuclear materials through hot spot areas) b)a reduction method (prevention or diversification): for example, checking as part of riskmonitoring of transportation processes by an independent surveyor: availability of seals, package integrity, correctness of cargo securing, etc.) c)risk transfer method (outsourcing of costly risk functions): this includes both insurance initself (risk transfer to the insurer) and the possibility of outsourcing certain types of related services (for example, protection) d)acceptance method (formation of reserves or reserves in case of negative situations thatcannot be minimized by other means) 3)One of the stages of developing a risk matrix is to calculate the maximum possible loss forall negative scenarios. It should be borne in mind that the maximum possible loss (IDP) can be tied to the cost of the materials transported (for example, when assessing the risk of loss or damage to the owner of the materials) or exceed this cost (risk of liability for environmental damage in the event of in transit). 4)In the case when the risk is transferred to the insurance, the liability limits should be set inthe amount of the IDP for the adequacy of the insurance compensation to the amount of losses from possible negative consequences 5) The specificity of the transboundary movement of nuclear materials and waste is cooperation at the international and supranational level (IAEA). The conditions for the transfer of responsibility for the safety of goods, as well as liability for possible harm to life, health and the environment as a result of an accident from one participant to another should be governed by the provisions of international treaties and IAEA regulations / standards. Also within the framework of such cooperation, it is possible to use such a strong risk management tool as risk monitoring. 6) Another important point from the point of view of management and assessment of such risks is to attract international insurance pools that provide the best coverage (using international experience and loss history). In addition, international pools help to solve the problem of lack of insurance capacity, when the amount of possible loss exceeds the capacity of local insurance companies to pay compensation (especially critical for liability insurance). 7) When assessing the risk of material damage or liability for damage to the life, health, property of third parties or the environment, from the point of view of the insurance company, the following factors are taken into account (for transportation): a) the length of the route b) type of transport c) the presence of protection d) susceptibility to negative natural phenomena (storm, earthquake, flood, extremely low or high temperatures, tornado, tsunami, etc.) e) passing near or through large populated areas, sites of hazardous industrial enterprises f) availability and condition of infrastructure: bridges, moorings g) the presence and condition of special equipment for loading / unloading, the experience of employees of the stevedore company h) intermediate storage sites, storage time, presence of security at the storage site, availability of specialized facilities / equipment that meet applicable safety requirements In the last decade, a number of alternative (nuclear-reactor-free) methods for medicine-intended 99mTc and other isotope production were actively developed using charged particle accelerators in particular. This minimize the transportation needs as these are constructed and the hospital sites. So the accelerator construction is considered also very prospective. But also need to be insured. [1] I. Gordon. Waste Technology Section (WTS) in IAEA. Fundamental basis for advanced treatment of radioactive wastes. In: Proceedings and selected lectures of the 2d International school – seminar, Moscow-2018. Editors: K.E. German, A.V. Safonov. Moscow: Publishing house "GRANIСA", 2018, pp. 217 – 231. ISBN 978-5-9933-0131-0. [2] Eduard German, Anastasia German, Vyacheslav V. Lebedev. Risk assessments in nuclear energy construction and transport. Reprint IPCE RAS. 2019. 20 p.