ИСТИНА

Neutron matter is principally different from other states of the matter and consists mainly of neutrons. The substance turns to neutron state under ultrahigh pressure, which is not still available at the laboratories. The neutron matter has a density close to nuclear one, which exists inside the neutron stars. Under transformation to the neutron state, the electrons of substance unite with protons and they both convert to neutron (neutronization). Since the neutron matter can be regarded as chemical simple substance, the question inevitably arises about the Element of neutron and its location in the Periodic System (PS). From the logic of Periodic Law (PL), which postulates that the atomic number is equal to electric charge of nucleus, the atomic number of the neutron matter should be equal to zero, which brings to mind D.I.Mendeleev’s ideas about zero group and zero period in the PS. It is known [1], that D.I.Mendeleev assumed the existence of chemical elements X and Y, which should be located in the PS before Hydrogen. The element X (Mendeleev called it as Newtonium – “I would like to call it as Newtonium – to commemorate immortal Isaac Newton”[1]) should be located in the zero period of zero group as the lightest analog of noble gases. Moreover, Mendeleev allowed the existence one more element, which is lighter than Hydrogen – the element Y or Koronium (Crownium) [1]. The problem of “zero elements” is clarified if we expand the idea of “atom” – as a sum not only the electric charges, but other charges too (baryon and lepton) [2,3]. Under such point of view, before Hydrogen one can locate Positronium (a pair of electron and positron), which has long been regarded as the atomic system, and Newtonium of Mendeleev as two isotopes – Neutronium (a pair of neutron and antineutron) and Neutrinium (a pair of neutrino and antineutrino). “The expanded charge” concept of atom is discussed [2,3]. Beside the gravitation neutronization, other mechanisms of the neutron matter formation are discussed (condensation of ultracold neutrons (UCN) and neutronization due to critical increasing of atomic number of elements in PS). On the example of UCN, it can be seen that they are already handled in the physical laboratories like the ordinary matter: they are stored in the vessels and “pumped” through pipes as a gas. The possibility of chemical interaction of UCN with the substances with odd number of electrons is discussed. The broadening of PL beyond the boundaries of classical elements and the coverage of the expanded PL to a much broader area of matter of the Universe, based on the forgotten Mendeleev’s ideas, are proposed [3,4]. It is proposed that the neutron and its isotopes (dineutron, tetraneutron and so on) are the beginning of PS and neutron star matter is the end of PS. [1]. Mendeleev D.I. Writings. V.2. Periodic Law. Under edition of Bah A.N. Leningrad: Goshimtehizdat, 1934. 520 p.; [2]. Ryazantsev G.B. Russian Atomic Society. The problems of “zero” elements. http://www.atomic-energy.ru/papers/44698 [3] Рязанцев Г.Б., Лавренченко Г.К. Технические газы, 2014, № 1, с. 3-10; [4] Рязанцев Г.Б. , Наука и жизнь, 2014, № 2, с. 76-80