ИСТИНА

The Lomonosov space mission launched on April 28, 2016 from Vostochny cosmodrome to solar synchronous orbit with 490 km altitude and ~98 degrees inclination. The mission payload includes the BDRG gamma-ray spectrometer designed for spectral measurements and timing in 10-3000 keV energy range as well as for triggering various transient phenomena: cosmic GRBs, soft gamma repeaters (SGR), TGFs, solar flares, etc. A dozen of solar flares were detected in hard X-rays and gamma-rays by the BDRG instrument onboard Lomonosov. Most of them had the GOES class C and even B, and this is not typical for such weak flares. A time resolution of 0.1 s in the monitoring mode and up to 0.001s in the trigger mode for some of these flares allows us to investigate in detail the fine temporal structure of HXR in weak solar flares and to study delays between microwave and HXR emission. About 20 GRBs were detected by BDRG/Lomonosov during observational period from 05.2016 to 01.2017, as well as several bursts from SGR 1935+2154. Two wide-field optical cameras SHOK are placed within fields of view of the gamma-monitor. This allows the simultaneous GRB observations in gammas and optics in all-time scale of event evolution including obtaining optical light curves of prompt emission as well as of precursors. No triggered GRB sources appeared in the FOV of on-board optical cameras but the joint observations of BDRG/Lomonosov with MASTER net of robotic telescopes allowed one to compare optical and gamma-ray light curve of some of detected GRBs at different phases of their activity. The amount of data recorded in gamma-by-gamma mode by the internal low-threshold triggers happening about several ten times per day was enough for the search of short flashes with duration ~1ms such as TGFs from atmosphere. The data from equatorial regions and from polar caps were processed. The results of this search and possible connection of such events with thunderstorms and precipitating electrons will be discussed. A new space project of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University named Universat-SOCRAT will include advanced gamma-ray instrument for GRB triggering, wide-field optical cameras and a fast-pointing optical telescope with moving mirror. The set of instruments for monitoring of space radiation and for studying of atmospheric phenomena in the optical range will also be included. The proposed gamma-ray spectrometer will be based on the considerably simple wide field-of-view coded mask telescope with ~300 pixel PSD allowing to check the presence of a point gamma-ray source on the sky and to obtain its coordinates with accuracy of 1o-2o so one can identify GRBs on the background of various reading increases mostly caused by the electron precipitation. Immediate transfer of the GRB notice to the ground global net will be realized.