ИСТИНА

Granular materials, such as gravel, sand or different types of powders, are ubiquitous in nature and widely used in industry. For small loads granular systems behave like solids: resist the load and preserve their form. For lager loads they flow like liquids and preserve their volume. For still lager loads they form rapid granular flows, where they behave like gases. We investigate anomalous diffusion in granular systems and observe ergodicity breaking arising due to strong non-stationarity brought about by the continuous loss of kinetic energy in non-elastic collisions of granular particles.