ИСТИНА

Nanomaterials became a part of our everyday’s life and concerns about their impact on the environment and human being. The question now arises: how we can produce nanomaterials less harmful to the nature (or environment-friendly) and how we can decrease the impact of nanomaterials on the living organisms without sacrificing the efficiency and benefits of nanomaterials? Obviously, there is no clear answer or a single recipe for any kind of nanomaterials. Nevertheless, both direct and indirect methods aimed at making environment-friendly nanomaterials can be discussed This lecture is focused on hybrid nanomaterials and gives a few examples of the “green” approaches to the design of such nanomaterials (safe by design NMs and bio-inspired systems). Among the direct methods focusing on less harmful hybrid nanomaterials, the following approaches can be mentioned, inter alia:  Use of less harmful stabilizing or capping agents,  Application of biocompatible (or biodegradable) coatings,  Design of a multi-phase composite nanoparticles,  Prevention of leaching of ions (heavy metals)  Heterogenization of nanoparticles (supported nanomaterials), The indirect methods include the procedures that  Reduce the time required for the preparation of nanomaterials,  Slash the energy consumption in the course of the preparation and utilization of nanomaterials,  Make easier the recovery of valuable components from spent nanomaterials,  Use less solvents and other auxiliary materials for the preparation of nanoparticles, solvent-free processes,  Use of mild reducing agents in the case of metal nanoparticles,  Produce less wastes in the production, “Green” approaches to the recovery of spent nanomaterials should be also carefully designed.